Experts call for income-based approach to affordable housing
Malaysia’s long-standing definition of “affordable housing” is starting to show its limits. The widely used RM300,000 benchmark, once seen as a practical guideline, now appears increasingly disconnected from household incomes, regional costs and actual purchasing power. As a result, the country faces a paradox: thousands of homes labelled “affordable” remain unsold, even as many Malaysians continue to struggle to buy property.
Recent data highlights the scale of the problem. More than 14,000 completed residential units priced below RM300,000 remain unsold, accounting for a large share of the country’s property overhang. This points to a mismatch between what developers are building and what buyers can realistically afford.
At the heart of the issue is the assumption that affordability can be defined by a single national price ceiling. In reality, income levels and living costs vary significantly across states. A RM300,000 home that may be relatively accessible in some areas could still be beyond the reach of many households elsewhere. Conversely, in high-cost markets such as Penang and the Klang Valley, where land prices and demand are higher, a rigid price cap may discourage the development of homes that better reflect local market conditions.
Penang offers a clear example of the challenge. Despite being one of Malaysia’s more economically vibrant states, rising property prices and limited land availability have made home ownership increasingly difficult for middle-income earners. While a RM300,000 ceiling may appear affordable on paper, factors such as transportation costs, loan eligibility and household debt mean that many buyers still find such homes financially out of reach. At the same time, housing needs in Penang differ markedly from those in secondary towns or rural areas, underscoring the need for location-specific policies.
Experts argue that Malaysia should adopt a more dynamic, income-based framework, drawing lessons from Singapore’s Housing and Development Board (HDB) model. Instead of relying on a universal price benchmark, Singapore aligns housing prices, eligibility and grants with household incomes and buyer profiles, helping to ensure that supply matches purchasing power.
Malaysia could adopt a similar approach by determining affordable housing prices at the district level, taking into account local incomes and essential living expenses. Housing costs, for instance, should not exceed around 30 per cent of household income after accounting for transport and maintenance costs. Such a framework would better reflect the realities faced by households in diverse markets, from Penang and Kuala Lumpur to Kelantan and Sabah.
Beyond pricing, location and liveability matter. Homes that are poorly connected to workplaces, schools and public transport often struggle to attract buyers, regardless of price. This highlights the importance of transit-oriented developments and better infrastructure planning.
Ultimately, affordable housing should be measured not by an arbitrary price tag but by whether households can maintain a reasonable standard of living after paying for a home. As Penang’s experience illustrates, one price does not fit all. A more flexible, data-driven approach would help ensure that housing policies truly reflect the needs and purchasing power of Malaysians across different regions.
Source: NST Online














